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Macaca is a term used on August 11, 2006 by United States Republican party politician George Allen to describe S.R. Sidarth，an Indian American field operative of his Democratic Party opponent Jim Webb during the 2006 U.S. Senate election in Virginia. The field operative in question was following Allen at all public events with a video camera〔(New York Times )〕—a form of political opposition research known as "video tracking." Allen claimed that "macaca" was gibberish that he improvised during the moment to make fun of the young man's mohawk-ish haircut,〔(Quotes from Allen in the Huffington Post )〕〔(Aimes Tribune )〕 and said he was surprised by the subsequent controversy. However, he changed his story several times, at one point saying he meant to call Sidarth "caca" and then claiming that he did not know the meaning of the word. Allen's opponents claimed that "macaca" was intended by Allen as a racial slur, pointing to the fact that in some European cultures, macaca is used as a slur against African immigrants.〔 ''Macaca'' is also the scientific term for a genus of monkeys; some opponents saw this as comparing a person of color to a monkey. Allen said he improvised the syllables as gibberish.〔(Quotes from Allen in the Huffington Post )〕〔(Aimes Tribune )〕 His critics speculated that he may have learned the term "macaca" from his mother, a Jewish woman who was born in French Tunisia and spent most of her life in Europe and America.〔(Media Matters )〕 Whatever Allen's knowledge of the history of "macaca," it was not the Senator's first race-related controversy. Allen was also accused of using racial slurs in college and has supported the use of the Confederate flag. Relating to the Allen controversy, "macaca" was named the most politically incorrect word of 2006 by Global Language Monitor, a non profit group that studies word usage.〔(The Global Language Monitor » Politically (in)Correct )〕 The word was also a finalist for the American Dialect Society "Word of the Year" that same year. ==Uses== According to Robert Edgerton, in the Belgian Congo, colonial whites called Africans ''macaques''—implying that they had lived in the trees until the Europeans arrived. The term ''sale macaque'' (filthy monkey) was occasionally used as an insult.〔Edgerton, Robert B. ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo'', St. Martin's Press, New York, 2002, ISBN 0-312-30486-2, pp. 180-181〕 In the ceremony in 1960 in which Congo gained its independence from Belgium, Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba gave a speech accusing Belgian King Baudouin of presiding over "a regime of injustice, suppression, and exploitation" before ad-libbing at the end, ''Nous ne sommes plus vos macaques!'' (We are no longer your ''macaques!''), as the Congolese in the audience rose to their feet cheering. Lumumba was reportedly still stung by being called a ''sale macaque'' by a Belgian woman years earlier.〔Edgerton, p. 184〕 "Macaca" is a direct translation for "female monkey" in the Portuguese language. The translation for "male monkey " (English) is "macaco" (Portuguese). In Portugal and Portuguese speaking countries, racists often call black people "macaco" or "macacos" (plural form) as an insult, because of their African origins. "Macaco" is also the Portuguese generic word to designate any kind of ape.〔(''Portuguese - English dictionary'' ) Infopedia〕 In the ''Adventures of Tintin'' written by Belgian writer-artist Hergé, Captain Haddock uses the term ''macaque'' as an insult, along with other random terms.〔 (List of Captain Haddock's insults ), French Wikipedia, wiki revision of 10 August 2006〕 In a 1994 essay, literary scholar Patrick Colm Hogan discussed the racist symbolism surrounding the name ''Makak'', the protagonist in Derek Walcott's 1967 play ''Dream on Monkey Mountain''.〔Hogan, Patrick Colm. ''Mimeticism, Reactionary Nativism, and the Possibility of Postcolonial Identity in Derek Walcott's Dream on Monkey Mountain. ''Research in African Literatures'' Vol 25 Iss 2 (1994): 103-19, p. 103〕 Journalist Taki Theodoracopulos referred to Bianca Jagger, who is of Nicaraguan origin, as ''macaca mulatta'' in 1996. Theodoracopulos has frequently used racial slurs in his published work.〔Taki, ''Mick's Little Madam'', Sunday Times, September 8, 1996〕〔(''The Guardian'' ) leader 21 October 2004〕 Note that ''Macaca mulatta'' is the scientific name for the Rhesus monkey. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Macaca (term)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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